Integrated strategic human resource management

Introduction Recruitment and selection process enacted by an organization determines the profitability and sustainability of the firm. Mainly, recruitment and selection is done to replace an employee, to fill a new position, or to instill change in the corporate culture (Banfield Kay, 2008, p.68). Indeed, recruitment approaches in a firm influence the kind of human resource in a firm. Selection entails matching the workforce and specific jobs; thus, fair and accurate assessment of applicant’s strengths and weaknesses is done in the selection process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated strategic human resource management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Roberts (1997, p.4), â€Å"effective selection processes entails clear and precise specification, effective use of multiple techniques, elimination of redundant processes, measurement and evaluation and continuous improvement.† A quinas (2005, p. 361) on his part states that, â€Å"recruitment is a process of searching, stimulating and encouraging prospective employees to apply for a specific job in an organization.† Human resource managers can use either external recruitment methods or internal recruitment or both to fill positions in their organizations. Generally, recruitment and selection process is expensive, thus HR managers should ensure they obtain the right candidates for a specific job in order to avoid high turnover. According to Lashley and Lincoln (2003), the recruitment and selection approach varies depending on the type of employee required, organizational strategies, and human resource policies. An organization having a diverse workforce is able to benefit from skills from the diverse group. Additionally, the firms recognize the need of getting workers who can fit in the prevailing organizational culture. Therefore, Human resource Management not only seeks professional competency, but also personality attributes. Notably, selection in Sofinsco is not only based on the applicants’ involvement, training, and skills, but also on their personality and their approval of the firm’s values. Further, HR teams integrate equity and diversity during all stages of recruitment and selection. This paper will analyze the importance of different recruitment and selection approaches, equity, and diversity in relation to Sofinsco. Moreover, the significance of integrated approach to recruitment and selection in attainment of business goals is also discussed. Importance of different approaches to recruitment and selection approaches Internal recruitment method Internal recruitment involves filling positions by recruiting employees within the organization. Moreover, this approach simplifies and hastens the recruitment process especially for high level jobs. This is primarily due to the fact that the HR team is aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the candidates.Adv ertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal recruitment is carried out through direct appointment or promotion by management, a lateral transfer of an employee from one department to another or internal advertising (Nankervis, Compton Morrissey, 2009, p.48). Generally, internal recruitment is cost effective as it eliminates the cost of external advertising and sourcing (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2005, p.48). Internal recruitment is important as it boosts morale of employees to improve their performance in order to get a promotion. Therefore, internal recruitment acts as a reward system. Moreover, the employees are motivated to enhance their skills and competencies, the result of which is the evolvement in the firm. In this case, Sofinsco mainly focuses on internal labor market after realizing that, internal candidates are familiar with the firm’s corporate culture henc e they do not require adaption or integration period. Thus, internal recruitment is necessary in replacing supervisor positions in order to minimize instability that can be caused by abrupt changes. Importantly, HR teams that use internal recruitment method have an effective appraisal system to facilitate selection of eligible candidates. Whenever firms recruit internally, only entry-level vacancies are filled by external candidates, thus preventing experimenting high positions with new employees (Grobler Warnich, 2005, p.171). Through lateral transfers, employees are granted skill development opportunities and subsequent promotion. Importantly, internal recruitment helps in employees’ retention since the employee can see a future and advancement opportunity in the organization (Nankervis, Compton Morrissey, 2009, p.48). Besides, it is easier to assess internal candidates compared with external candidates, hence reducing selection or placement errors. Additionally, internal recruitment is used in conjunction with firm’s succession plan. However, internal recruitment does not meet the need of a firm’s human resource needs most of the times, hence there need to recruit from outside. Indeed, Sofinsco is compelled to employ two hundred new employees yearly in spite of its focus on internal market. Similarly, internal recruitment can attract unqualified employees since the scope of candidates is limited (Aquinas, 2005, p.363). Additionally, unsuccessful applicants’ morale and work performance can be affected negatively, or discontent can be bred if fair selection is compromised. Further, internal recruitment can cause instability, and increase operational costs due to constant movement of staff, subsequently; it affects the overall firm’s performance (Banfield Kay, 2008, p.73).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated strategic human resource management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More External recruitment method External recruitment refers to recruiting employees from outside the organization. Methods used in external recruitment include direct application, employees’ referrals, campus recruiting, and through employment agencies (Grobler Warnich, 2005, p. 175). External recruitment is very significant as it prevents disgruntlement and infighting caused by internal recruitment. Similarly, internal labor market may not provide all needs of human resource, thus necessitating external recruitment. Moreover, this method averts promotion of employees whose level of competence inhibits them from performing effectively. Nevertheless, firms benefit from new perspectives and ideas from new employees, hence promoting the firm’s competitive edge (McNaughton, Carlson Dietz, 1992, p.105). In addition, firms’ productivity is improved due to internal competition created by external recruitment. Besides, external recruitment aids management to restructure their firm, as it is a fast method of changing corporate culture. Another benefit is that the quality of the workforce is improved through injection of new talent and skills from new employees (Aquinas, 2005, p.366). Additionally, through external recruitment, firms are able to source highly qualified and experienced employees, therefore eliminating cost of training. Further, the experienced workforce facilitates in improving productivity and performance of an organization. Despite the positive aspects, external recruitment has its own demerits. First, it denies employees career development and advancement hence reduce employees morale and productivity (Aquinas, 2005, p.367). Moreover, selection and recruitment errors occur more frequently since the HR teams do not have adequate time to assess external candidates. Further, there is uncertainty whether new employees will fit in the prevailing corporate culture. Additionally, there is increased transitio n and adjustment period (Grobler Warnich, 2005, p. 170). Equality and diversity in recruitment and selection process It is essential for recruiting teams to maintain equality and diversity principles at all stages of recruitment and selection (Wilson, 2005, p.258). Thus, the guiding factors during selections should be job specifications, suitability, and ability of a candidate to perform the outlined duties.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through upholding equity and diversity in the recruitment and selection process, a firm is able to benefit from increased global competitiveness and productivity. Equality and diversity plays a vital role in driving a firm towards attainment of competitive advantage in spite of tightly contested international market. Moreover, the firm will be able to attract and retain the most qualified employees in the labor market. Equality and diversity are also significant in a company that looks forward to maintain its good record, and in the process attract and retain customers for company’s sustainability. Further, a firm can enhances its corporate reputation and hence profitability. In some instances, an organization can be sued if an applicant has solid grounds of discriminations during selection, in addition to an organization’s reputation being tarnished and loss of money in the lawsuits (Williams, 2005, p.7). Further, by having a diversified workforce, the firm is in a po sition to identify the diverse needs of its customers. Finally, continued development of staff will be vital for improved and efficient performance. Integrated approach of recruitment and selection Primarily, organizational development and growth commences with  an integrated approach to recruitment and selection. Basically, integrated approach to recruitment and selection produces substantially valuable HR decisions. The integrated approach implies a continuous supply chain, i.e. development and training of potential candidates, deployment of employees to specific jobs. Moreover, integrated approach is appropriate in the rapidly changing economic market. By implementing an integrated approach to recruitment and selection, Sofinsco will become the employer of choice. Similarly, procedures for recruitment and selection are more accurate and less susceptible to bias and distortion in integrated approach technique (Jirasinghe Lyons, p.10). Further, the organizations need to incorpor ate training or mentorship programs where new employees are trained by experienced workforce. Additionally, the firm’s recruitment policy should reflect all diverse needs of the organization. Since recruitment is a continuous process in any organization, solid plans should be enacted to facilitate selection and recruitment (Pynes, 2008, p.118). Conclusion The purpose of selection is to match employees to specific jobs which they can do effectively. Banfield and Kay (2008) note that, it is important to make correct recruitment and selection decisions as employment decisions affect quality of the workforce. In addition, the process of correcting hiring mistakes is difficult due to employment rights. It is paramount to get recruitment and selection decision right since wrong decisions can affect a firm’s productivity, and wrong decisions are costly to correct. HR can recruit internally (from within the organization) or externally (from people outside the organization). HR derives benefit from internal recruitment due to motivated personnel who perceive opportunity of career development in the firm. Additionally, internal recruitment reduces the costs of external advertisement and duration of recruitment process. Importantly, there are few chances of recruitment errors since management is familiar with the capabilities of candidates. Further, internal recruitment ensures stability and avoids difficulties associated with transition. On the other hand, external recruitment provides a wide scope of candidates where a qualified and experienced employee can be sourced. Moreover, the method improves productivity of an organization due to improved quality in the workforce. Similarly, external recruitment promotes internal competition among the employees hence the improved bottom line. Equality and diversity is essential in recruitment and selection process since it promotes the firm’s reputation. Thus, a firm is able to attract and retain the top qua lity of personnel who would greatly enhance the firm’s competitiveness. Finally, organizational development and growth commences with  an integrated approach to recruitment and selection since this approach facilitates production of valuable HR decisions. References List Aquinas, P. G., 2005. Principles of Management. New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. Banfield, P. Kay, R., 2008. Introduction to Human Resource Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. Morley, M., 2005. Human resource management in Europe: evidence of convergence? Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Grobler, P. A. Warnich, S., 2005. Human Resource Management in South Africa. SA: Cengage Learning EMEA. Jirasinghe, D. Lyons, G., 1996. The competent head: a job analysis of heads’ tasks and personality factors. Bristol: Routledge. Lashley, C. Lincoln, G., 2003. Business development in licensed retailing. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. McNaughton, D., Carlson, D. Dietz, C., 1992. Building strong management and responding to change. Washington: World Bank Publications. Nankervis, A., Compton, R. Morrissey, B., 2009. Effective Recruitment and Selection Practices. Sydney: CCH Australia Limited. Pynes, J., 2008. Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Strategic Approach. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Roberts, G., 1997. Recruitment and Selection Process: A Competency Approach. London: CIPD Publishing. William, K., 2005. Positive Recruitment and Retention CMIOLP. Oxford: Elsevier Wilson, J. P., 2005. Human Resource Development: Learning Training for Individuals and Organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers. This essay on Integrated strategic human resource management was written and submitted by user Kyron N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Great Expectations-Wemmick

â€Å"Perhaps, properly speaking, Dickens had no ideas on any subject; what he had was a vast sympathetic participation in the daily life of mankind; and what he saw of ancient institutions made him hate them, as needless sources of oppression, misery, selfishness, and rancour.† –George Santayana Rules. Guidelines. Laws. From the beginning of time, people have lived under the heavy thumb of expectations placed upon them by others. What to do and when to do it, what to say and when to say it somehow societies have come up with their own rulebooks for what is permissible and what is to be looked down upon, leaving each man to choose between his inner yearnings and the clarion call of the organized civilization. This problem faces John Wemmick in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. On the surface, Wemmick appears as a dedicated worker and an upstanding member of society who maintains a healthy domestic lifestyle. Upon closer inspection, we see that Wemmick plays host to two polar personalities: the hard working, upstanding worker in bustling London, and the amiable, carefree resident of Walworth. Through careful examination of Wemmick’s character, Dickens prompts his reader to reflect upon the two sides of humanity as a whole. In Victorian society, employees were expected to carry themselves with a degree of professionalism and excellence. Caring for others and becoming emotionally involved in work were seen as signs of weakness. Mr. Jaggers, Wemmick’s employer and literary counterpart, appears completely eaten up by his work. He takes his courtroom attitude with him everywhere, to the point that others avoid conversation with him for fear of being cross-examined. Wemmick passes on this soame air of intimidation to Jagger’s clients as he collects funds and â€Å"portable property.† However, this attitude is not truly characteristic of Wemmick. He says, â€Å"[The way I carry myself in] the office is one thing, private life ... Free Essays on Great Expectations-Wemmick Free Essays on Great Expectations-Wemmick â€Å"Perhaps, properly speaking, Dickens had no ideas on any subject; what he had was a vast sympathetic participation in the daily life of mankind; and what he saw of ancient institutions made him hate them, as needless sources of oppression, misery, selfishness, and rancour.† –George Santayana Rules. Guidelines. Laws. From the beginning of time, people have lived under the heavy thumb of expectations placed upon them by others. What to do and when to do it, what to say and when to say it somehow societies have come up with their own rulebooks for what is permissible and what is to be looked down upon, leaving each man to choose between his inner yearnings and the clarion call of the organized civilization. This problem faces John Wemmick in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. On the surface, Wemmick appears as a dedicated worker and an upstanding member of society who maintains a healthy domestic lifestyle. Upon closer inspection, we see that Wemmick plays host to two polar personalities: the hard working, upstanding worker in bustling London, and the amiable, carefree resident of Walworth. Through careful examination of Wemmick’s character, Dickens prompts his reader to reflect upon the two sides of humanity as a whole. In Victorian society, employees were expected to carry themselves with a degree of professionalism and excellence. Caring for others and becoming emotionally involved in work were seen as signs of weakness. Mr. Jaggers, Wemmick’s employer and literary counterpart, appears completely eaten up by his work. He takes his courtroom attitude with him everywhere, to the point that others avoid conversation with him for fear of being cross-examined. Wemmick passes on this soame air of intimidation to Jagger’s clients as he collects funds and â€Å"portable property.† However, this attitude is not truly characteristic of Wemmick. He says, â€Å"[The way I carry myself in] the office is one thing, private life ...

Reconsider Planting Leyland Cypress in Your Yard

Reconsider Planting Leyland Cypress in Your Yard The rapidly-growing Leyland cypress tree, or  Cupressocyparis leylandii,  quickly outgrows its space in a typical yard, unless properly and regularly trimmed. These trees have the potential to grow to 60 feet tall. They are not a practical tree to plant as a small yard hedge on tight, six- to eight-foot  centers. Tight spacing of the plant means that you must commit major time and effort to constant pruning. Leyland cypress is a  short-lived conifer, with a typical lifespan of 20 to 25 years, and will eventually have to be removed. Even properly-spaced trees left to grow may have limited root support, and are subject to being blown down during high winds if planted on wet soils. Consider the work needed to maintain a Leyland cypress before planting one. Why Not Plant Leyland Cypress? A study of Leyland cypress done at the University of Tennessee indicated that a lot of damage on these trees is simply environmental, and not always directly caused by a disease or insect. The study indicated that stress from a harsh winter can cause sporadic limb die off among Leyland cypress trees. Leyland cypresses grow into large, mature trees at 60-plus feet tall with a potential 20-plus foot spread. When they are planted as hedges on tight centers less of than 10 feet, there will be a major competitive  struggle for nutrients and shading. When needles turn brown or drop, the tree is reacting to environmental stresses. Leyland cypress trees do not tolerate many diseases and insects well, especially when environmental stressors are present. Spacing and soil may create an environment that can cause future stress on these trees. Planting Leyland cypress too close together or too close to other trees and structures that shade them can decrease vigor and increase pest damage. Caring for an Existing Tree Eliminating moisture stress on Leyland cypress through watering techniques can help lessen the occurrence of canker diseases. In particular, Leyland cypress is susceptible to Seiridium canker. There is no control for this disease other than to prune out the infected plant part. Watering is a long-term commitment for the Leyland cypress owner. These trees should be watered during any period of dry weather and should receive at least 1 inch of water per week. Pour the water at the base of the tree, and do not spray water on the foliage with sprinklers or watering techniques that can cause various  tree disease. As these tree age and lose lower foliage, consider removing Leyland cypress individually as they deteriorate, and replace each with a deciduous evergreen tree like wax myrtle.

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 Essay

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 - Essay Example The ratio is seen to be as high as 30% (Damodaran, 2012). a) Whether making investments in the shares of BP is profitable or not, has been analysed on the basis of the above calculations in respect to p/e ratio and the share price value calculated using the dividend growth model. The p/e ratio aids investors to understand the market prospects of a given stock. A higher p/e ratio is generally considered to be better as it results out of higher earnings and market value existing for a share. It is also considered that firms having a higher p/e ratio is likely to give more dividends (Bakshi and Chen, 2005). The ratio helps investors to decide upon the price at which shares must be purchased based on the evaluation of its earnings. The ratio therefore aids in establishing a relationship between earnings and the market value per share. It is extremely essential that the ratio is studied by investors based on industry average and previous year’s values. The ratio can be interpreted wrongly if not suitably compared with the p/e ratios of previous years and the general ratio existing in the industry (Sharpe, 2002). From the calculations carried out it has been seen that the p/e ratio of BP in the 2013 has been lower than the general industry standards. The industry standards were at 12.8 while the ratio for BP was as low as 6.49%. This indicates that the market value of shares and the EPS values for the year 2013 of BP were lower than the general industry standards. On the other hand, it was seen that the p/e ratio for the year 20014 had risen to 30%. This was identified due to a fall in the earning per share (EPS) values, although the price of shares had experienced lower level of decline. Although a higher p/e ratio is considered to be better, it may be judged wrongly if not compared with the figures of the previous year. In case of BP, although the p/e ratio had risen, the cause behind it was a fall

Coca Cola's Global Business Strategy Research Paper

Coca Cola's Global Business Strategy - Research Paper Example The company was established in 1886 and the flagship brand spread all over the world. The company runs its business in the areas of manufacturing, retailing and marketing soft drinks, beverages and non-alcoholic syrups across the world. The company sells around 500 brands in 200 countries across the world catering to 1.7 billion customers per day. A total of 1,46,200 employees have been engaged by the Coca Cola Company all over the world in order to run its business of manufacturing, retailing and selling of soft drinks, beverages and syrups in different countries. The company earned revenues of slightly over 48 billion dollars with an operating income of close to 11 billion dollars in 2012. The business of Coca Cola is largely supported by the supply chain and logistics management of the company. The drinks and beverages manufactured by the company in its factories are distributed to the wholesalers and retailers, franchisees of the company, etc. The franchisees, agents and retailer s sell the products of Coca Cola in the regional markets all over the world. Some of the renowned brands of Coca Cola include the Coca Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Valpre, etc (THE  COCA-COLA  COMPANY 1). In order to deal with the areas of risk in the supply chain, the company adopts global business strategies to distribute its products in several countries. Research Methodology The research methodology adopted for this study on the company background of Coca Cola Company and its supply chain strategies to distribute its products in the international boundaries have been explained as follows. This is a secondary research conducted with the use of existing data. The data and required information on the company and its strategies to distribute the products in the international boundaries in an efficient manner have been collected from electronic sources, company’s official website and from the books on logistic management of the company. The data collected from the company is relia ble and have been qualitatively analyzed to determine how the company addresses the areas of risk and achieves efficient distribution of its products in order to meet the international demand of its products. Analysis and findings In order to deal with the risks of supply chain that includes agency cost, delay in delivery of the products due to intermediate players, conflicting interest with the distributors, Coca Cola Company undertakes global business strategy to distribute its products internationally in order to meet the global demand. The company operates a franchisee based distribution network throughout the world. The franchisees undertake contracts and agreements with the Coca Cola Company for retailing of the drinks, beverages and syrups manufactured by the company (Stock and  Lambert 45). The franchisees are given the responsibility for distribution and sale of the products for the particular region. The supply chain interruptions, malicious tampering of products, transp ortation delays are the areas of risk for the company. In order to address the areas of risk, the company adopted the global strategy of replacing existing logistics with an

United Grain Growers Essay Example for Free

United Grain Growers Essay United Grain Growers Limited (UGG) is the third-largest grain handler and distributor of crop inputs (seed, fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides) in Canada. UGG was formed in 1906 and, until 1993, operated as a farmer-owned cooperative whose primary business and income came from grain handling in western Canada. Western Canada has more than 100,000 farms, and in 1997, farm expenditures on crop inputs and feed totaled approximately C$4 billion. In the late 1990s, Canadas share of world wheat trade was 22 percent, virtually all produced in western Canada. UGG fulfills a key role in the â€Å"seed-to-supermarket† food system. It provides a reliable supply channel, with on-time delivery to exacting specifications. Canadian law requires that all wheat and barley destined for human consumption be sold through the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB). These are known as â€Å"Board grains,† for which UGG is paid a preestablished handling tariff per tonne. UGG also buys â€Å"non-Board grains† (e. g. , canola, flax, linola, peas, feed barley, and other grains not subject to the CWB monopoly) and markets them domestically and internationally. UGG earns a margin on non-Board grains based on the efficiency with which it markets and manages inventory and hedges its positions on world futures markets. UGG serves as the link between the CWB and the farmer for handling Board grains, and between the farmer and the market for non-Board grains. UGG delivers Board grains, purchased on behalf of the CWB, to meet CWB sales contracted on domestic and international wheat and barley markets. UGG sells non-Board grains, purchased directly from farmers, on its own account in domestic and international markets. United Grain Growers Ltd. (UGG), a Canadian grain distributor, audited its exposure to a number of key risks, especially the impact of weather on grain volumes and operating income. Understanding these risks was crucial because the company was in the midst of a major modernization and diversification program. But although UGG already managed traditional risks through a variety of control processes, it was still faced with the problem of how to deal with the biggest risk; the weather.

Write an evaluation of how effective you think the Dubble campaign has

Write an evaluation of how effective you think the Dubble campaign has been so far and how your advertising has aimed to reach Dubble’s target audience eff. The Dubble Campaign: ‘Write an evaluation of how effective you think the Dubble campaign has been so far and how your advertising has aimed to reach Dubble’s target audience effectively.’ In October 2000, Comic Relief and The Day Chocolate Company teamed up with Kuapa Kokoo, a co-operative of 35,000 Ghanaian cocoa farmers, to launch Dubble, a unique chocolate bar aimed at 10 -16 year olds. In January 2001, Dubble was introduced to the public through a ‘chocolate challenge’ competition launched by Comic Relief on the Live and kicking show. The competition was to design a wrapper for Dubble. In October, Dubble was launched onto the shelves of supermarkets and outlets. Free bars were given away in Smash Hits and Match magazines. A Dubble website was developed featuring a web link between schools in Ghana and the U.K. Dubble advertisements were featured on T.V, magazines and the Internet, all media widely used by teenagers. Dubble is part of the Fair Trade campaign, which ensures that farmers in developing countries, who grow crops like cocoa used in chocolate making, are paid fairly for their products. Fair Trading and links with Comic Relief are important attributes for Dubble. The Fair Trade link helps children understand Dubble’s aim- helping Ghanaian cocoa farmers. Additionally, the f...

The Things They Carried Passage Analysis

â€Å"Spin† Passage: The Things They Carried The function of the passage from the episode â€Å"Spin† is to introduce a different interpretation of the concept of â€Å"boredom,† one that pertains to the war and the soldiers specifically and not often experienced by civilians. The type of boredom described by the narrator in the passage is tenser, and encompasses many more emotions that the Alpha Company comes across.Throughout the passage, the reader gets the idea that the soldiers are not bored in the irritated and uninterested way that most people typically are. Instead, the men are anxious, anticipating the next unpleasant event to come upon them at any moment. The narrator explains, â€Å"You’d try to relax. You’d uncurl your fists and let your thoughts go. Well, you’d think, this isn’t so bad. And right then you’d hear gunfire behind you and your nuts would fly up into your throat and you’d be squealing pig squeals † (O’Brien 34).This description of how the soldiers would behave, with curled fists and apprehensive thoughts, jumping at every noise, proves that they are not nonchalant but hyperaware of their surrounding and on edge. When the narrator describes war as â€Å"boring,† he refers to the redundancy of always worrying, then allowing oneself to relax for a moment before being bombarded with another battle. The first three sentences from the quote have a calm, slow attitude, especially when juxtaposed with â€Å"gunfire,† â€Å"nuts,† and â€Å"pig squeals,† which are harsh, callous words.The way in which O’Brien chose to write that particular quote is similar to the repetitive way that the soldiers wait, making the reader understand to some level what it is like to live that way. As a result, O’Brien uses this passage to introduce a new, atypical definition of the word â€Å"bored,† where it is used as an â€Å"umbrella† word for many other emotions, including anxiety and fear.

Mt everst

Have you ever thought about climbing Mt. Everest? Well, Sir Edman Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first people who did. The simarities and differances of â€Å"View from the Summit† by Sir Edman Hillary and the â€Å"The Dream comes True† by Tenzing Norgay are similiar about the events to the top of Mt. Everest, but they're also different in their backgrounds and emotions. They are similiar because they both made it to the top of Everest at 1 1 :30 am. A example is Hillary said, â€Å"At 1 1 :30 am May 29th they reached the top. † Tenzing also said the same thing. They're also similiar because they both had flags at the top of the summit.A example would be Hillary took a picture of Tenzing with the flags at the top. Another example is Tenzing held the United Nation flag the highest under British, Nepals, and Indians below his picture. Finially, they're similiar in the hard challenge they took on before the summit. A example is that Hillary said, â€Å"The ic e cornice would be a challenge. † A second example would be Tenzing said, â€Å"The last chalenge was a struggle. † The two stories are different in their backgrounds. Examples of this is Hillary was a famous climber from Britain while, Norgay was a local guide from Nepal. They were also different in their styles of writing.Hillary wrote more about facts. Fro example 1 5-27'C. Thenzings has more emotional opinions. Finally, they were also different on how they performed the prestiage of Everest. A example is Hillary said, â€Å"l didn't need Tenzings help. † Although, Tenzing said â€Å"Hillary did need my help. † Those are only Just a few similarities they had in their climb to the top of Mt. Everest. They're similiar in the time they reched the top, the flags, and the challenge before the summit. They're different in their backgrounds, styles of writing, and how they performed. Do you still think you would want to climb Mt. Everest or not?

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident The Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 7 - 9, 1937 marks the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which also represents the beginning of World War II in Asia.   What was the incident, and how did it spark nearly a decade of fighting between two of Asias great powers?   Background: Relations between China and Japan were chilly, to say the least, even prior to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.   The Empire of Japan had annexed Korea, formerly a Chinese tributary state, in 1910, and had invaded and occupied Manchuria following the Mukden Incident in 1931.   Japan had spent the five years leading up to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident gradually seizing ever-larger sections of northern and eastern China, encircling Beijing.   Chinas de facto government, the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek, was based further south in Nanjing, but Beijing was still a strategically pivotal city. The key to Beijing was the Marco Polo Bridge, named of course for the Italian trader Marco Polo who visited Yuan China in the 13th century and described an earlier iteration of the bridge.   The modern bridge, near the town of Wanping, was the only road and rail link between Beijing and the Kuomintangs stronghold in Nanjing.   The Japanese Imperial Army had been trying to pressure China to withdraw from the area around the bridge, without success. The Incident: In the early summer of 1937, Japan began to carry out military training exercises near the bridge.   They always warned the local inhabitants, to prevent panic, but on July 7, 1937, the Japanese commenced training without prior notice to the Chinese.   The local Chinese garrison at Wanping, believing that they were under attack, fired a few scattered shots, and the Japanese returned fire.   In the confusion, a Japanese private went missing, and his commanding officer demanded that the Chinese allow the Japanese troops to enter and search the town for him. The Chinese refused.   The Chinese army offered to conduct the search, which the Japanese commander agreed to, but some Japanese infantry troops tried to push their way in to the town regardless.   Chinese troops garrisoned in town fired on the Japanese and drove them away. With events spiraling out of control, both sides called for reinforcements.   Shortly before 5 am on July 8, the Chinese allowed two Japanese investigators in to Wanping to search for the missing soldier.   Nonetheless, the Imperial Army opened fire with four mountain guns at 5:00, and Japanese tanks rolled down the Marco Polo Bridge shortly thereafter.   One hundred Chinese defenders fought to hold the bridge; only four of them survived.   The Japanese overran the bridge, but Chinese reinforcements retook it the following morning, July 9. Meanwhile, in Beijing, the two sides negotiated a settlement of the incident.   The terms were that China would apologize for the incident, responsible officers on both sides would be punished, Chinese troops in the area would be replaced by the civilian Peace Preservation Corps, and the Chinese Nationalist government would better control communist elements in the area.   In return, Japan would withdraw from the immediate area of Wanping and the Marco Polo Bridge.   Representatives of China and Japan signed this accord on July 11 at 11:00 am. The national governments of both countries saw the skirmish as an insignificant local incident, and it should have ended with the settlement agreement.   However, the Japanese Cabinet held a press conference to announce the settlement, in which it also announced the mobilization of three new army divisions, and harshly warned the Chinese government in Nanjing not to interfere with the local solution to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.   This incendiary cabinet statement caused Chiang Kaisheks government to react by sending four divisions of additional troops to the area.   Soon, both sides were violating the truce agreement.   The Japanese shelled Wanping on July 20, and by the end of July the Imperial Army had surrounded Tianjin and Beijing.   Even though neither side likely had planned to go into an all-out war, tensions were incredibly high.   When a Japanese naval officer was assassinated in Shanghai on August 9, 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in earnest.   It would transition in to the Second World War, ending only with Japans surrender on September 2, 1945.

Billy Sunday Essay Research Paper Billy Sunday

Billy Sunday Essay, Research Paper Billy Sunday For about a one-fourth century Billy Sunday was a family name in the United States. Between 1902 when he foremost made the pages of the New York Times and 1935 when the paper covered his decease and memorial service in item, people who knew anything about current events had heard of the former major conference baseball participant who was prophesying wickedness and redemption to big crowds all over America. Not everyone who knew of the celebrated revivalist liked him. Plenty of vocal critics spoke of his brassy manner and criticized his conservative philosophies. But he had 100s of 1000s, possibly 1000000s, of loyal guardians, and they were merely as loud in their congratulations as the critics were in their unfavorable judgment. Whether people stood for or against the Reverend William A. Sunday, they all agreed that it was hard to be apathetic toward him. The spiritual leader was so inordinately popular, opinionated, and vocal that indifference was the last thing that he would acquire from people. His most loyal supporters were confident that this rural-breed sermonizer was God s mouthpiece, naming Americans to repentance. Sunday s critics said that at best he was a unthreatening clown whose discourses vulgarized and trivialized the Christian message and at worst he was a shame to the name of Christ ( Dorsett 2 ) . There are elements of truth in both of these positions. He was frequently guilty of oversimplifying scriptural truths, and at times he spoke more out of ignorance than a celestial point of view. He was besides a adult male with legion defects. He spoiled his kids, giving them everything that they asked for. He put tremendous duty on his married woman, burthening her with many facets of his ministry. He ever perceptibly sought the hand clapping of the crowd for his ain congratulations. He frequently confused the will of God with his ain societal and political docket. He even sometimes compared the Gospel of Jesus Christ with particular involvement and American foreign policy. However, Billy Sunday was a sincere adult male whose life was basically changed by his response to an revivalist s call to repent of his wickednesss, to believe that Jesus Christ died in his topographic point for those wickednesss, and to follow Christ in thanksgiving by idolizing and obeying him. Following this religious metempsychosis, the convert became profoundly devoted to Jesus Christ. A devotedness manifested in populating out many of the instructions of Christ as found in the New Testament s four Gospels. The professional baseball participant became a regular church member. He besides studied Scripture and became remarkably generous toward the needy. Furthermore, Sunday was constrained by an compulsion to state others how he had eventually found interior peace and a more purposeful life. At first through talks and so in discourses, he related how Jesus Christ gave him a new life of significance, peace, and hope. This same Gospel, he said, would likewise transform others. The grounds is overpoweringly that it did. If Billy Sunday was sincere devoted, and motivated, he was besides a merchandise of his times and an illustration of the civilization and ethical motives of center America. On the other manus, Sunday took many bases against popular beliefs, and he persuaded battalions to fall in him in a war against many of the modernistic thoughts of the clip that he saw as immorality. As he one time summarized his sentiment so good, What this universe needs is a tidal moving ridge of reform ( Sunday Satan 24 ) . It is true that Sunday was a showman who craved an audience and loved hand clapping. But he besides touched the lives of infinite work forces and adult females of all societal categories, assisting them escape assorted signifiers of personal bondage and discovery freedom in the Gospel. And if he did non change over all of urban America to his trade name of Christianity, he at least played a major function in assisting to maintain conservative scriptural Christianity alive in this century ( Dorsett 3 ) . To understand to the full why he thought, lived, preached, and teached the manner he did, we should look at his upbringing and transition experience. William Ashley Sunday was born on November 19, 1862. His male parent, a brotherhood private, would decease of pneumonia merely five hebdomads subsequently, three yearss before Christmas, in a cold, moist ground forces collapsible shelter in the Missouri natural state. His male parent s decease and a series of other deceases would come to hold a enormous impact on Sunday s life. For the first three old ages of Billy Sunday s life he was a really sallow kid. His female parent, Mary Jane, would transport him about on a carryall pillow while assisting her parents works maize, milk cattles, chop wood, and wrangle Equus caballuss. Then a going physician prepared a sirup that Mary Jane fed to Billy every twenty-four hours for three hebdomads. Miraculously, Billy gained strength and became a normal active kid. Luck changed for Billy s household, but merely for a short clip. His female parent remarried and had two more kids. Sadly, the 2nd kid, a miss, died in a fire when she was three. Not long after, Mary Jane s 2nd hubby died besides. These ill-timed deceases left a grade on immature Billy that stayed with him for the balance of his life. In a short autobiography written for The Ladies Home Journal, he begins with the words I neer saw my male parent. In the first few pages of this uncovering narrative he recalls 10 deceases in add-on to that of his male parent. Four aunts and an uncle died of TB, and so a grandma he loved in a heartfelt way died of the same disease. Billy was six old ages old when she died. I would go forth her casket, he recalled, merely when forced to make so. The 2nd twenty-four hours after the funeral my female parent missed me. They called and searched everyplace ; eventually my Canis familiaris picked up the aroma and they followed my paths through the snow to the grave, crying and chilled through with the November air currents. For hebdomads they feared I would non populate. Equally painful as these deceases all were, Billy Sunday shortly experienced a more hurtful separation. By 1872, Mrs. Sunday and her parents were so impoverished that they could non feed and dress all the kids. Thankss to a province senator, they re assigned to one of Iowa s three well-run Civil War Soldiers Homes located in Glenwood, about a hundred and 50 stat mis from the Sunday homestead. Billy remembered the going this manner: When we climbed into the waggon to travel to town I called out, Good-bye trees, good by spring. I put my weaponries around my dog-named Watch and kissed him. The train left about one O clock in the forenoon. We went to the small hotel near the terminal to wait The owner awakened us about twelve-thirty stating, The train is coming. I looked into female parent s face. Her eyes were ruddy and her cheeks moisture from crying, her hair disheveled. While Ed and I slept she had prayed and wept. We went to the terminal, and as the train pulled in she drew us to her bosom, sobbing as if her bosom would interrupt ( Sunday Sermons 14 ) . Life at Glenwood became instead pleasant for Billy and Eddie. Despite their initial homesickness, they found the environment to their liking. But good things neer seemed to last for the Sundays. No Oklahoman had the male childs settled in and begun to experience portion of the landscape than the hurting of separation entered their lives once more. They were moved to Davenport, another Soldier s Orphan Home, because of State money concerns. The four old ages in orphans places were of import 1s for Billy Sunday. They turned out to be some of the best old ages of his formal schooling. He left Davenport with an ability to read, compose, and do simple math. His bequest from the Pierces attention besides included an ability to work hard and a desire to maintain himself and his vesture neat and clean. Populating in the Soldiers Home taught him to acquire along with many people, and in the thick of 100s of other childs he was freed from a enticement common to all kids, the enticement to believe that he is the most of import in the existence. The orphanhood old ages besides taught Billy Sunday some assurance. He non merely discovered that he could execute all kinds of undertakings ; he besides learned that among several hundred male childs he was a ace jock. He found that he was exceptionally fast on pes. He besides found that on the baseball field he learned that his legs could make more than rapidly acquire him under fly balls, they enabled him to steal bases. After he left the orphanhood, he went back place for a short piece. He so left for the metropolis of Nevada determined to do it on his ain. He worked for a Civil War veteran and his married woman. Colonel and Mrs. John Scott took him in, loved him, worked him difficult, and sent him to two old ages of high school. No 1 knows whether or non he graduated, but he was much better educated than the typical American was. In 1880, two months before his 18th birthday, Billy Sunday decided to give up the rural life. He moved 30 stat mis east to Marshalltown, an agricultural service community that was going a little metropolis. He was recruited by the Fire Brigade and began to work in a furniture shop. Billy began to play baseball each clip the Marshalltown squad took the field. The male child from Story County non merely made the squad but besides instantly distinguished himself as a base thief and left fielder. He helped the squad turn out themselves as one of the finest in the province. It was in early spring 1883 that Billy Sunday received a telegraph message from Adrian Anson, captain and director of the Chicago White Stockings. That was the first wire I had of all time received, Sunday wrote in his autobiography, and it was good intelligence! The good intelligence was that Pop or Cap, as the participants called Anson, wanted Sunday in Chicago instantly to seek out for the celebrated National League baseball squad. He had heard of Billy from an Aunt in Iowa. In a singular show of assurance, the twenty-year-old shrub leaguer resigned his occupation of finishing furniture and devising mattresses. He spent his full economy, $ 6.00, on a new sage green suit. He so borrowed $ 4.50 from a friend and spent $ 3.50 on a trip to Chicago. He arrived with lone one dollar in his pocket. Although Chicago was merely 250 stat mis from Marshalltown, every bit far as Billy Sunday was concerned the turning mid-western city might every bit good have been on another planet. The former farm male child had neer been so far from Iowa, and he had neer seen a metropolis larger than Des Moines ( Dorsett 18 ) . Within an hr of reaching the small-town Iowan felt the anxiousness and uneasiness of a county yokel in the large metropolis. He arrived at Spalding s Sporting Goods Store, Spalding was proprietor of the squad, merely as the wire directed. After waiting a twosome of hours team members began to get. After a piece Cap Anson strolled in. Tall, rugged, and burly, he introduced himself to the uncomfortable fledgling. Billy, they tell me that you can run some. Fred Pfeffer is out cleft smuggler. How about seting on a small race this forenoon? Sunday merrily agreed. Billy borrowed a uniform from a hurler named Larry Cochrane, but for the clip being there were no athletic places. Pheffer came out and he had on running places, so I ran him barefooted, and I m glad to be able to state that I ran rings around him, crushing him by 15 pess. It was Sunday s velocity that finally won him a lasting topographic point with the Chicago nine, because this ingredient was portion of Pop Anson s formula for success. Anson made Sunday a member of his twelve-man squad in 1883. The cub played really small that first season, he took the field, in merely 14 games, but he besides served the squad by managing all of the concern direction for Anson while they were on the route. The consequences were non leading, but the cub showed pronounced betterment. Sunday batted.241 in 14 games his first twelvemonth, and he hit.222 after 43 games in 1884. In 1885 he played in 46 games, raising his batting norm to.256. In 1886 Sunday played 28 games and batted.243. During the season of 1887 he was a starting motor in 50 games and rapped out 58 hits, forcing his norm to a calling high of.291. He besides stole 34 bases that twelvemonth. Establishing himself as a professional ball participant was of import to the Iowa farm male child, but it paled in comparing to an event that took topographic point during the 1886 season. One afternoon during the summer of 1886 Billy and some of the other participants were walking the streets of Chicago. There were no games on Lords daies in those yearss, and none of the half twelve participants with Billy had anything purposeful to make. After a few drinks in a downtown barroom they strolled along and came upon a Equus caballus drawn waggon. This peculiar waggon was one of the Pacific Garden Mission prophesying squads. After listening to the Gospel anthem that reminded him of his female parent, something in Billy began to stir. Whatever the beginning of this interior restlessness, the veteran of three baseball seasons stood up at the street preacher s invitation and suddenly announced to his teammates on the kerb, Boys I bid the old life adieu. Billy considered traveling down during the invitation but did non. After several yearss of agonising over this Billy went back to the mission and decided, With Christ you are saved, without him you are lost ( Sunday Satan 4 ) . He committed his life that dark to a cause that he saw was more of import than any baseball game of all time played. Despite going mostly celebrated after being traded to Philadelphia, it would be the consequences of that determination at the Pacific Garden Mission that the universe would retrieve Billy Sunday for. Some applauded Sunday and his methods ; others did non. But there is no inquiry that Sunday s sensational calling was a phenomenon Americans would non shortly bury.

Poverty reduction programs in india Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Poverty reduction programs in india - Essay Example According to the World Bank survey, anyone earning below one dollar per day is usually graded as poor. May of such people resides in Africa, parts of Asia countries, Latin American countries and India. However in the developed nations, the number of poor people is reduced due to higher levels of development and excellence strategies put in place to curb poverty conditions in these areas. The government’s response to issues of eradicating poverty amidst them is of prime importance as she is the key controller of the national funds. This paper will look at the success of various programs in India aimed at alleviating and eliminating poverty among the Indian populations. According to Parikh, (1994) over the one third of the Indian population is illiterate and a larger majority of these is not educated beyond the age of 15 years. In line with this, Jha & Srinivasan, (2001 ) note that; At the beginning of the new millennium, 260 million people in the country did not have incomes to access a consumption basket which defines the poverty line. Of these, 75 per cent were in the rural areas. India is home to 22 per cent of the world’s poor. Such a high incidence of poverty is a matter of concern in view of the fact that poverty eradication has been one of the major objectives of the development planning process (3785). This indicates a larger percentage of the people who are either unemployable or lowly employed. Illiteracy and ignorance according to Hulme & Paul, (1999) is the root cause of poverty in various parts of the world. The first step require in the elimination of poverty is therefore the need to elevate the education sector and increase awareness among the people. The Indian government is doing a lot concerning this with more practical educational systems adopted in order to develop skills rather than promoting mere learning in most of the Indian learning and education sector. As Ramaswami, (2002) notes, even among the educated Indian populations , all do not possess adequate employable skills worth generating independent income. All these problems according to Mehta, (2004) stems from the education sector which is not turned towards changing the economic scenario in the country. The rural areas carry the largest number of Indian population which is mainly agricultural. Even this is greatly affected by the dwindling amount of cultivable lands and lack of adequate rainfall for the development of arable farming systems. Irrigation farming in many of the Indian lands is not possible due large capital requirements. This has led to acute rural- urban migration whereby a large number of people are moving into the urban areas to look for greener pastures. These end up doing various menial jobs in the cities since they lack adequate and specialized education required for good employment in the industries and labor intensive companies in the country. This has brought in a double misfortune in the country as the largest agricultural l ands are evacuated by people moving into the urban centers in search of jobs. The urban centers for this reason have been largely crowded with people with less education and almost no skills for employment. Lack of relevant or adequate skills for employment practices among many urban dwellers have eventually led to the development of informal jobs and settlements in most of the towns contrary to the overall expectations of the development agenda. As a result the development image of many